The Cuban Missile Crisis And Its Effect On The Moral...

In Thirteen Days, Robert Kennedy recollects his time with President John F. Kennedy in handling the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Cuban Missile Crisis, as described in Thirteen Days, started on October 16, 1962. President John F. Kennedy was provided with a photograph that gave little evidence of a missile base. The whole area was about the size of a football field and, to many of the cabinet, seemed like nothing. Kruschev, the chairman of the USSR said that there was nothing to worry about. When real proof was provided, the lies of Kruschev were exposed, and Robert Kennedy said, â€Å"I now know how Tojo felt when he was planning Pearl Harbor† (Kennedy, 25). John F. Kennedy needed to handle the presence of the Soviets in Cuba without diminishing the moral position of the United States. When a formal meeting of the National Security Council was held, many arguments were shared o how to handle the crisis. The main arguments of action were blockade or military action, in par ticular- nuclear weapons. â€Å"It had worried him that a blockade would not remove the missiles – now it was clear that an attack could not accomplish that task completely, either† (Kennedy, 39). Therefore, John F. Kennedy chose to not only blockade; however, to blockade and provide military action in the event that a blockade would fail. His ultimate policy was to remove the missiles and nuclear warheads from Cuba using the blockade to support the moral position of the United States and to be prepared toShow MoreRelatedThe Cuban Missile Crisis Essay2023 Words   |  9 PagesWorld in the nuclear age forever. The Cuban Missile Crisis represents the closest brink of mutual nuclear destruction the World has ever been close to reaching. The leadership in place throughout the crisis is critical to the story of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Three men dominated the nations involved in the crisis and captivated citizens of all corners of the world. President John Fitzgerald K ennedy of the United States, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, and Cuban Dictator Fidel Castro dominated theRead MoreJohn F Kennedy And The Cuban Missile Crisis1852 Words   |  8 Pagessuccessfully negotiated with the Soviet Union during the Cold War specifically during the Cuban Missile Crisis in addition to establishing the Peace Corps with his brother-in-law Sargent Shriver then following with support for civil rights. The Cuban Missile Crisis started on October 16, 1962. At the time the dictator Fidel Castro was developing a relationship with the Soviet Union. Previously, Castro visited the United States to help establish a foreign relationship with the U.S only to be denied by the presidentRead MoreCold War Era Movie Assignment1538 Words   |  7 Pagesclips that we watched in class were all made between the years 1954 and 1964. World War II and The Cold War between The Soviet Union and the United States became the subject of many TV shows and movies of the time period. The paranoia and fear of communism and nuclear war was very real in the 1950’s/1960’s and it shaped the cultures of both the United States and the Soviet Union. You will be asked questions not only about the clips you will view but how they relate to World War II and The Cold WarRead MoreKennedy and Khrushchev Essay2085 Words   |  9 PagesNikita Khrushchev forced his position in Cuba, ultimately countering U.S. occupation by deploying Soviet troops and maintaining communist influence in the region. Khrushchev believed that U.S. invasion in Cuba was imminent and prepared to fight against American troops. The Vienna Summit in 1961 outlined the desire to takeover Berlin, a crucial European city for American and Soviet presence during the Cold War. Khrushchev and the Soviet Union approached the United States and JFK with prudence becauseRead MoreThe Cuban Embargo: A Double Edged Sword1612 Words   |  7 PagesIn five decades, the Cuban embargo has failed to achieve its purpose, damaged U.S interest, and affected the Cuban people. Since the year 1959 when Fidel Castro took over Cuba, the country has been under communist rule. It’s bee n over 50 years since the United States placed and embargo against Cuba. The embargo also known as â€Å"the blockade† places travel restrictions and trade of commerce on any one who is under the US jurisdiction. One of the purposes of the embargo was to turn Cuba into a democraticRead MoreGeneral Curtis Lemay : An Effective Leader And Problem Solver1647 Words   |  7 PagesGeneral Curtis LeMay is one of the iconic figures of the United States Air Force. A war hero and experimented pilot, he was able to succeed where many others failed and his triumphs underpinned the emergence of the independent Air Force. However, his leadership case presents examples of virtues and limitations that warriors can experiment during their careers. LeMay was the product of his era, an effective problem solver for the war devoted to the defense of his country and an advocate of the massiveRead MoreJohn Dallek s An Unfinished Life3220 Words   |  13 Pagesmultitude of people around the world, making numerous bold changes in the United States’ domestic living whilst trying to prevent Communism and nuclear weapons from threatening the world in his foreign policies. Dallek discussed the Kennedy family’s initial influence in government that made JFK into the political figure he became. John F. Kennedy’s grandparent, John E. Fitzgerald, was elected to be in the Massachusetts state senate, thus introducing the Kennedy family to the beginnings of their politicalRead MoreJust War Theory and Pacifism1734 Words   |  7 Pagesa citizen of the United States, I am part of an institution that has been, and is currently, killing people. Whether or not all or some of these killings are ethically defensible is a difficult question to answer and most people simply never confront the issue. I will evaluate literature on the topic, identify the different justifications for killing in time of war and decide if they legitimize our actions. After describing some compell ing arguments, I will defend my own position that pacifism isRead MoreAnalysis Of Dr Strangelove By Stanley Kubrick Essay1800 Words   |  8 PagesAll contact to the aircrafts is disrupted due to the CRM 141 discriminator that only allows contact to the aircrafts if the correct 3 letter code is entered beforehand. General Jack Ripper however, is the only man that knows the 3 letter code. In a state of panic with the aircrafts only 1 hour from their targets, the president contacts the Russian president to inform him of the imminent attack but also gives the locations of the American bombers in the hope that the Russians could shoot down the aircraftsRead More cold war Essay2040 Words   |  9 Pages The cold War The Cold War was a response to the perceived threat by the United States that Communism would interfere with national security and economic stakes in the world. It was a perceived threat by communist countries that the United States would take to the world. During the Cold War, the United States, Russia, and other countries made efforts to avoid another world war, while warring in proxy in other lands. The devastation caused by the hydrogen bombs exploded in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

The Case Of Leigh Scott - 777 Words

In the case of Leigh Scott, she is an experienced teacher who teaches many different levels of history and government. The main problem that she currently faces in the case study is the fact that one student, Aaron, thinks he deserves the same grade as another student, Dale, who has a learning disability. Aaron is not as prepared as Dale, as Leigh describes he â€Å"seldom brings materials to class† (Leigh Scott: Case Study, p. 29) nor does he exhibit â€Å"teacher-pleasing behaviors† as Dale does (Leigh Scott: Case Study, p. 29). For this reason Aaron received a lower grade than Dale because he did not show as much effort or preparedness in class. The main problem that I perceive from the Case of Leigh Scott is that both Dale and Aaron are doing the same work, with the same grades yet one has an explicit learning disability who receives lots of support and the other is not receiving enough support. Dale has a clear learning disability and thus receives not only su pport from Meg, the resource room teacher, who â€Å"helped Dale prepare for Leigh’s class† (Leigh Scott: Case Study, p. 29), he also receives support and encouragement from Leigh even though he does not do much work. Aaron on the other hand receives little to no support from Leigh even though he has constantly not come to class prepared, puts his head down during discussions and has done poorly on his assignments. I believe that Au (2009) would have a lot to say about Leigh Scott and that the case study of Leigh ScottShow MoreRelatedLeigh Scott Case Study Essay742 Words   |  3 PagesCase Study: Leigh Scott This case study was very interesting and relatable. This case study is about Leigh Scott a social studies teacher of 11 years and her issue about Aaron and Dale. Aaron is anger with Leigh about his grade and how another student got a higher grade at the end of the quarter but they had the same grades all during that time. He believes it’s because he is African American and Leigh is taking it out on him for that. She would never grade someone due to their grades because sheRead MoreThe Blind Side By Michael Oher906 Words   |  4 Pageslessons that The Blind Side tries to teach its audience by telling the story of Michael Oher, a teenager who knows little about having a home and much less a family. When Leigh Anne Tuohy and her family open up their home to Michael, his life and future are forever changed. Not only does Michael gain courage and determination, but Leigh Anne and her family learn the valuable lesson of the bonds that tie family and friendships forever. The Blind Side shows viewers that a person’s social class doesn’t necessarilyRead MoreConflict Management Involving A Huge Not For Profit Business Essay907 Words   |  4 Pagesmaintenance of social networks, and the sensemaking processes in the diffusion of both codified and tacit knowledge about conflict management. Liu, Leigh, Anne; Inlow, Lin; Feng, Jing, Betty; (2014). Within the businesses process involving factors of management conflict practices. Thecost of ill-managed conflicts in organizations are often very high. Liu, Leigh, Anne; Imlow, Lin; Feng, Jing, Betty; (2014). Systematic and institutionalized conflict management has become a natural pursuit of top-level managersRead MoreThe Worsening Crisis, By The Dred Scott Decision `` And `` The Panic Of 1857 ``1243 Words   |  5 PagesWorsening Crisis, it occurred between the period of 1857-1861 during the presidency of James Buchanan. It includes â€Å"The Dred Scott Decision† and â€Å"The Panic of 1857. In addition, it also talks about the Lecompton Constitution and the Lincoln-Douglas Debates. This documents mostly covers the South and North issues during 18s. In the Worsening Crisis record, it involved the â€Å"Dred Scott Decision† which arose different conflicts whether the slaves should be freed or not? Regards to â€Å"The Panic of 1857†, itRead MoreVelina Jackson. Dr. Thomas Hennefer. Hrm 599 Human Resource1177 Words   |  5 Pages Velina Jackson Dr. Thomas Hennefer HRM 599 Human Resource Management Capstone January 20, 2017 â€Æ' â€Æ' A Growing Small Business Lehigh Hanson is the company I chose as my business case. Lehigh Hanson has been supplying cement, aggregates, ready-mixed concrete, asphalt, and other building materials throughout the United States, Canada, and Germany. The high demands on performance and being open minded is what HR and management hold at high demands and they lead by example. To transitionRead MoreHow Supporters of Slavery Used Legal, Religious, and Economic Arguments to Defend the Institution1538 Words   |  7 Pagesheld to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall privateRead MoreRel321 Asu1103 Words   |  5 Pagesof America†, by Edwin Gaustad and Leigh Schmidt, gives a great overview of the different strand of religious development in the United States. They are divided into four fundamental time periods: the Colonial times; the Revolutionary War to the Civil War; Post Civil War to World War II; and World War II to present day. â€Å"The Religious History of America† was originally written by Edwin Scott Gaustad in 1966 and was later revised by one of Gaustad’s students, Leigh Schmidt. The authors opening lineRead MoreThe During The Pearl Harbor Attack897 Words   |  4 Pagesorganizations, thus spawning the catchphrase â€Å"Hooker’s Lib.† The most renowned of these organizations, COYOTE (Call Off Your Old Tired Ethics), was founded by a former prostitute, Margo St. James. Notably, one very prominent advocate member of COYOTE, Carol Leigh, created the term â€Å"sex worker† in the 1970s. Her intention was to reduce the stigma attached to prostitution and assert the legitimacy of her profession in the process. As a result, â€Å"sex worker† is now considered the politically correct term in manyRead MoreShould Marijuana Be More Dangerous Than Drinking Alcohol?1468 Words   |  6 Pagesdrugs and over consuming it is very dangerous to the body, but what are its ef fects when consumed at rational levels. When consumed in reasonable levels, alcohol has some positive impacts to the body. Cynthia Kuhn (PhD) a professor of pharmacology, Scott Swartzwelder (PhD) a professor of psychiatry and Wilkie Wilson (PhD) a professor of prevention science at Duke University, wrote in their book â€Å"Buzzed† that people drink alcohol for â€Å"the feeling of relaxation that accompanies an occasional drink ofRead MoreQuestions On The Legal Right1664 Words   |  7 Pages‘has been so fixed for the better enjoyment of the object’ or ‘to affecting a permanent improvement of the freehold’ . Leigh v Taylor’ corroborates Scarman as the court held that the tapestries were chattels as although they were affixed to the walls, the purpose of the annexation was for ‘the tapestry to be enjoyed as an ornament rather than to enhance the building’ . The case of Mew v Trismire further strengthens Scarman’s conte ntion, as it was held that while the degree of annexation was similar

Income and Expenses for an Individual †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Income and Expenses for an Individual? Answer: Introducation In this case, Danny is a resident of Australia he was engaged in the technician work in the company Robin Pty Ltd. He resigned from the company for undertaking study at Charles Strut University. The company offered Danny that he could return to the office after completing the study. Danny has participated in the student exchange program and has incurred substantial costs. Danny was in a study trip and worked as a casual tutor in the university where he was paid $4000. The issue here is to determine whether the expenses incurred by Danny are allowable as deduction. Law The laws that have been applied are: Section 8-1 of the Income tax Assessment Act 1997; Taxation Ruling 98/9; FCT v Hatchett 71 ATC 4184 Anstis v FCT 2009 ATC Section 82A of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936; The allowable income and expenses for an individual is governed by the application of the Income Tax Assessment Act, case laws and taxation ruling. The Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 in section 995-1 provides that deduction means any amount that can be deducted. This definition is not useful in determining the deduction allowable so the common laws and cases studies should be considered before ascertaining the expenses. It should be noted that the allowable deduction should be determined after considering the nature of expenses (Gale Samwick, 2014). The expenses that are of capital nature are not allowed as deduction. The expenses that are of revenue nature are not allowed as deduction. It should be noted that the expenses that have been incurred for earning exempted income is not allowed as deduction. The section 8-1(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 provides that the expense incurred for producing or earning assessable income is allowed as deduction. It is further provided that the expenses can be deducted as allowable deduction if it is incurred for producing the assessable income. The law provides that outgoing or loss is allowed as deduction if it is incurred for producing the assessable income (Snape De Souza, 2016). In case the tax payer is business then the expenses incurred for producing or generating income for business is allowed as deduction. In section 8-1 (2) of the Income tax Assessment Act 1997 it is provided that the expenses is not allowed as deduction if the loss or outgoing is in the nature of capital, private expenses, expenses incurred for producing assessable income. It should be noted that there must be necessary relationship between the assessable income and loss or outgoing expenses. In the case of Charles Moore V FCT (1956) that the taxpayer can c laim deductions for the receipts that have been stolen from the store at the gun points that are not insured. It should be noted that the expenditure for producing the assessable income is allowed as deduction (Ciconte et al., 2016). The expenditure that a tax payer incurs for reducing the future expenses is not allowed as deduction. The nature of expenses that are allowed as deduction has been explained above. In this case, the discussions have been made for expenses that have been incurred for studying abroad. The discussion is made after considering the Taxation Ruling 98/9. The Taxation Ruling 98/9 deals with the self education expenses that are allowed as deduction under section 8-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 and the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936. This expenditure that are allowed as deduction under the taxable income is provided in the Taxable Ruling. In the Para 12 of the Taxation Ruling expenses related to self education is allowed as deduction under section 8-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 if there is relevant connection between the income tax payer of the current years. In Para 13 it is stated that if the income earning activity of the taxpayer is based on the skills and specific knowledge of the self-education helps in improving the skills then the expenses related to self-education is allowed as deduction (Berry Hay, 2016). It is provided in Para 14 that if the subject of study increases the taxpayers income from the current level of income then the expenses related to the self-education is allowed as deduction. The argumen ts that after self-education the taxpayer will get employment will not be allowed as deduction for the expenses that have been incurred for the self-education. That means if a taxpayer has incurred expenses for self-education in which the taxpayer is not in the profession is not allowed as deduction as per Para 15 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. It should be noted that the principles for allowing expenditure should not be applied on a mutually exclusive basis but should be considered in conjunction with the section 8-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. The Para 17 provides that expenses is allowed as deduction under section 8-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 if the essential character of the expenses is that of income producing. The essential character of the expenses is determined after analysing the all he objective circumstances (Bulman Hoxby, 2015). There can be circumstances that the expenses that are allowed as deduction is apportioned under section 8-1 of the Income tax Assessment Act 1997. That means if during the study tour the expenses have been incurred for working related purposes or private purpose then the expenses should be apportioned between the purposes. In case the expenses that have been incurred for private purpose is incidental for producing income earning activity then expenses that are only allowed for producing the assessable income is allowed as deduction (Robinson et al., 2015). It should be noted that if the expenditure related to the private purpose is only incidental for producing the main income earning activity then the expenditure is not allowed as deduction. In Para 22 the Taxation Ruling states that deduction is allowed for the amount of decline in the value of the depreciating assets under section 4025 of Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 that was held during the income years and is used for taxable purpose. In case of self-education if the depreciable assets are used then the expenses of depreciation can be allowed as deduction (Fitzsimons Carr, 2014). The depreciation amount should be reduced to the extent the assets has been used for purpose that is not related for producing income. The Para 23 of the Taxation Ruling provide that the expenses that are allowed as deduction are provided below: Tuition or course fees that are paid for attending the institution for education, work related expenses and student union fees; The cost of professional journal, stationery and textbooks; The expenses for airfares including the expenses related to the study tour overseas, on conference related seminars or for attending the institution for education. This are the part of the cost that are necessary for participating in the tour; If the taxpayer is away from home then the expenses related to accommodation and meals that have been incurred on the study tour abroad for the work related conference and attending the institution; The interest expenses related to borrowing that are used for self education for improving the knowledge and skills of the taxpayers are allowed as deduction. The Para 24 of the ruling provided that following expenses related to the self education are not allowed as deduction: The student contribution amount or the amount of debt is not allowed as deduction; The expenditure that have been incurred for meals for attending the self education expenses, conference related to work and seminars; The expenditure related to accommodation and meals if the taxpayers has incurred for the expenses for the self education purpose; In the case of FCT v Hatchett 71 ATC 4184 it was held that the expenses that have been incurred by a primary school teacher to gain the certificate of the secondary school teacher is allowed as deduction. The main reason for allowing the deduction is that it will increase the professional qualification and help in further increase in income. In the case of Anstis v FCT 2009 ATC it was held that the expenses that have been incurred for travelling between the home and educational institution or place of work is not allowed as deduction. The section 82A of the Income Tax Assessment Act of 1936 provides that maximum amount of $250 is allowed as deduction in an income year for the self-education expenses. Application On analyzing the case, Danny is engaged is an electrical technician. The study will further improve the qualification of Danny in the same profession that means this will help him to increase the income of Danny (Taylor Richardson, 2013). Therefore based on the FCT v Hatchett 71 ATC 4184 it can be said that the expenses should be allowed as deduction. The expenses that have been incurred for air ticket is allowed as deduction as provided in Para 23 of the ruling. The expenses that are incurred for the accommodation is not allowed as deduction as provided in Para 24 of Taxation ruling. The expenses incurred for meal is not allowed as deduction as per Para 24 of the ruling (Gutman, 2016). The expenses incurred for the book and study material is allowed as deduction. The amount paid for the purchase of the laptop is not allowed as deduction.. In this case, the motor vehicle expenses that have been used for 5 months is not allowed as deduction as it used for going to education instituti on as per the case Anstis v FCT 2009 ATC. Statement showing deduction under section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 Particulars Amount Air ticket $ 1,500.00 Books and study material $ 800.00 Purchase of laptop $ 1,800.00 Allowable deduction $ 4,100.00 Table 1: Allowable deduction (Source: Created by Authority) The table has provided that the total expenses that can be claimed as deduction under section 8-1 of the Income tax Assessment Act 1997 based on the cases and taxation ruling discussed above. The section 82A of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 provides that the expenses for self-education will be allowed as deduction under section 8-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 in the income year to the extent of net amount of $250. Conclusion Based on the above discussion it can be said that Danny is allowed to take deduction of $250 under section 8-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 during the current income year. Reference Adebisi, J. F., Gbegi, D. O. (2013). Effect of tax avoidance and tax evasion on personal income tax administration in Nigeria.American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences,1(3), 125-134. Bargain, O., Dolls, M., Immervoll, H., Neumann, D., Peichl, A., Pestel, N., Siegloch, S. (2015). Tax Policy and Income Inequality in the United States, 19792007.Economic Inquiry,53(2), 1061-1085. Berry, C., Hay, C. (2016). The great British rebalancingact: The construction and implementation of an economic imperative for exceptional times.The British Journal of Politics and International Relations,18(1), 3-25. Bradley, S. (2017). Inattention to Deferred Increases in Tax Bases: How Michigan Home Buyers Are Paying for Assessment Limits.Review of Economics and Statistics,99(1), 53-66. Bulman, G. B., Hoxby, C. M. (2015). The returns to the federal tax credits for higher education.Tax Policy and Economy,29(1), 13-88. Cazier, R., Rego, S., Tian, X., Wilson, R. (2015). The impact of increased disclosure requirements and the standardization of accounting practices on earnings management through the reserve for income taxes.Review of Accounting Studies,20(1), 436-469. Ciconte, W., Donohoe, M. P., Lisowsky, P., Mayberry, M. A. (2016). Predictable uncertainty: The relation between unrecognized tax benefits and future income tax cash outflows. Davis, A. K., Guenther, D. A., Krull, L. K., Williams, B. M. (2015). Do socially responsible firms pay more taxes?.The Accounting Review,91(1), 47-68. Fitzsimons, J. A., Carr, C. B. (2014). Conservation covenants on private land: issues with measuring and achieving biodiversity outcomes in Australia.Environmental management,54(3), 606-616. Gale, W. G., Samwick, A. A. (2014). Effects of income tax changes on economic growth. Gennari, E., Messina, G. (2014). How sticky are local expenditures in Italy? Assessing the relevance of the flypaper effect through municipal data.International tax and public finance,21(2), 324-344. Gutman, H. L. (2016). The Saga of Unfulfilled Business Income Tax Reform.Temp. L. Rev.,89, 267. Hoffman, W. H., Smith, J. E. (2014).South-Western Federal Taxation 2015: Individual Income Taxes. Cengage Learning. Richardson, G., Taylor, G., Lanis, R. (2013). The impact of board of director oversight characteristics on corporate tax aggressiveness: An empirical analysis.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,32(3), 68-88. Robinson, L. A., Stomberg, B., Towery, E. M. (2015). One size does not fit all: How the uniform rules of FIN 48 affect the relevance of income tax accounting.The Accounting Review,91(4), 1195-1217. Snape, J., De Souza, J. (2016).Environmental taxation law: policy, contexts and practice. Routledge. Sutherland, H., Figari, F. (2013). EUROMOD: the European Union tax-benefit microsimulation model.International Journal of Microsimulation,6(1), 4-26. Taylor, G., Richardson, G. (2013). The determinants of thinly capitalized tax avoidance structures: Evidence from Australian firms.Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation,22(1), 12-25.

Global Environment And Management - Ford and Taylorism

Question: Would workers in Australia, America or Europe accept the Taylorism in this form today? Consider the design of scripts for use in Call Centres, can you see Taylorism in that? Explain? Answer: Week 1 Introduction This section focuses on the implementation of Taylorism and Fayolism in the various organisations across the globe. The various advantages of these management theories are also mentioned in this section. The theory of Fayolism focuses on the management of the workplace on the basis of equality of the workers and motivation of the workers by a number of other factors along with money Activity 1 There are a number of key ideas that I have extracted from the activity, which are mentioned below. Scientific efficiency management based on the time taken for the tasks, which aims at improved economic efficiency. Dividing the large tasks into smaller task, which are easier to be completed. Assembly line production for the manufacturing process. Increase in the wages provided to the employees of the organisation by decreasing the time of production (Pearson, 1945). Managing the workforce directly by eliminating the presence of trade unions in the workplace, this in turn leads to better control and management. I dont think that he workers in Australia, America or Europe will accept Taylorism in this form today, as this method of scientific management defines the employees with less efficiency to be stupid even if it praises the workers with good efficiency in the workplace. The concept of Taylorism is insulting to the workers based on the presumed low level of knowledge of the workers by the management. The scripts used in a number of call centres in present involve a number of predetermined responses to the conversations with the customers. Yes, I see Taylorism in the activity of providing the call centre workers with the scripts of the responses (Zardet, 1945). It suggests that the workers are not capable of determining the effective response to the queries of the customers. Some parts of the ideas are also being utilised in a number of organisations in the current societies, such as Ford, Mercedes and Audi, which implement the concept of the assembly lines along with the scientific mana gement of the employees by decreasing the size of the individual tasks. Activity 2 Fayolism is another method or theory of management which focuses on a number of key ideas mentioned below and was developed by Henri Fayol. Control on the workers to allow the organisation to have better productivity and efficiency. Teaching the employees of the organisations regarding the various management methods and styles. I believe that some of the ideas expressed in the management theory of Fayolism allow a number of organisations around the world in the current industries to have better management in the workplace. The theory of Fayolism focuses on the management of the workplace on the basis of equality of the workers and motivation of the workers by a number of other factors along with money (Brunsson, 2008). This allows the organisations in the current industries to have better management of the workforce and the various human resources available to the organisation. This theory of management still allows the human resources departments of a number of organisations to determine the various qualities which should be possessed by the applicant to become a manager. Some of these qualities suggested by the Fayolism theory of management are physical, mental, educational, technical and moral. This theory of management also allows the entire business model of a current organisation to be divided into a number of task groups, such as financial, managerial, technical, commercial, accounting and security (Oliveira, 2012). Conclusion The blog included the examples of a number of organisations implementing the management theories named Taylorism and Fayolism along with the various implications of the theories. We concluded that the theory of Fayolism gives a bit more respect to the employees in comparison to the theory of Taylorism. Week 2 Introduction This section of the blog focuses on the implementation of the structure and strategy in a number of organisatons along with one of the latest strategy named Holacracy. It is essential to find the correct strategy for an organisation before extending its implementation throughout the organisation. Holacracy is one of the most popular and booming management theory which allows the entire organisations to be divided into a number of decentralised teams, which allows the employees to have protection of experimentation. Activity 1 Some of the key ideas that I can extract from this activity are mentioned below. Competitive advantage of an organisation over the others in the same industry by managing the behaviour of the people working in the various business operations. Organisational design by transforming the organisational strategy into the organisational structure, which allows the entire business model of the organisation to be divided into a number of modules and a number of operations. Organisational structure following the organisational strategy to implement the strategy into the design of the organisation. Organisational strategy following organisational structure to incorporate the entire structure of the organisation into the strategy being developed. Its not true always that the increase in the number of rules in an organisation leads to increased efficiency. It is essential to find the correct strategy for an organisation before extending its implementation throughout the organisation. In the video, Yves Morieux mentioned in the interview that the structure of an organisation follows the strategy of the organisation (Morieux, 2009). It is obviously a fact, as the strategy allows the organisation to be divided into effective and efficient modules. But sometimes the strategy can follow the structure. Suppose a strategy is being developed for an organisation which should be implemented in each and every module in the business model of the organisation. In this case, the strategy follows the existing structure of the organisation to be able to cover the entire structure of the organisation. Activity 2 A number of key ideas which I could extract from the learning activity are mentioned below. The centralisation of power in the organisation could lead to the suffocation of innovation. The competitive advantage of an organisation over the others can be defined in terms of the flexibility and adaptability of the organisation. The CEO of the organisation is still in charge of some of the things in case Holacracy. Holacracy is one of the most popular and booming management theory which allows the entire organisations to be divided into a number of decentralised teams, which allows the employees to have protection of experimentation (Robertson, 2009). The decentralisation of the power in holacracy allows the employees of the organisation to involve innovation and creativity in their daily work. The management theory of holacracy allows an individual to play the role of both the superior and subordinate to another individual. A similarity which I could see between the innovative cultures of the organisation to the agile organisational structure is the various roles in the business model being interchanged among the team members of the organisation. The decentralisation of the power in the workplace helps these interchangeable roles to be more effective and efficient according to the strategy of the organisation. Holacracy focuses on the governance of the various team members through forgiveness rather than permission. This allows the hierarchical structure of the organisation to be completely removed from the workplace (Robertson, 2006). Conclusion The description of the management theories with the focus on structure and strategy of the organisations allows us to conclude that the implementation of the strategy depends on the structure of the organisation and vice versa. References Brunsson, K. H. 2008. Some effects of Fayolism. International Studies of Management and Organization, 38(1), 30-47. Morieux, Y., Blaxill, M., Boutenko, V. 2009. Generative interactions: The new source of competitive advantage. Restructuring Strategy, 86. Oliveira, N. 2012. Types of Structure. In Automated Organizations (pp. 15-26). Physica-Verlag HD. Pearson, N. M. 1945. Fayolism as the necessary complement of Taylorism. American Political Science Review, 39(01), 68-80. Robertson, B. J. 2006. Holacracy: A complete system for agile organizational governance and steering. Agile Project Management Executive Report, 7(7). Robertson, B. J. 2009. Organization evolved: Introducing holacracy. Unpublished manuscript. Zardet, V., Voyant, O. 2003. Organizational transformation through the socio-economic approach in an industrial context. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(1), 56-71.

Be All That You Can Be Essay Example

Be All That You Can Be Essay Example Be All That You Can Be Paper Be All That You Can Be Paper Essay Topic: Everything I Never Told You Be all that you can be in the Army. Earn up to $40,000 for college, get valuable training, and have your health at risk for the rest of your life, and don’t forget the 30 days paid vacation. I know you all have heard that slogan before, or maybe you should have. That is what the Army should tell you on all of those commercials since they made it mandatory for every soldier to be vaccinated against the deadly illness, anthrax. But, if you refuse the vaccination then you are out of not only a job but also you could serve jail time. Soldiers should not be put in a position where they have to choose between risking their health or losing their job. There are many problems with the vaccine itself. The vaccine has never undergone long term test, so even the Department of Defense has no idea what this could possibly do to soldiers down the road of life. That right there tells you that the Generals in the Pentagon don’t care about your life at all. I wonder if our friends, the leaders of our armed forces were also forced to take this vaccine. When the vaccine first became mandatory for all personnel, I was stationed in Korea. Due to the fact that we were overseas, we had the opportunity to be the first troops to receive it. I however was exempt from taking the vaccine because I was leaving the country in the next two months and time wouldn’t allow me to receive the shots in proper order. What I witnessed my colleagues go through was enough for me to swear never to except the shots. I saw a large group of people break out in hives and actually had the opportunity to watch one soldier have a seizure. Now, the Army won’t say whether or not the seizure had anything to do with the shots but I was fairly certain. The Anthrax vaccine was administered during the Gulf War to soldiers that went over to the Middle East to fight. Now there is an undiagnosed disease called the Gulf War disease. Many soldiers have thought to be exposed to a plethora of chemical weapons during the War. Yet only one of them has been confirmed, that being the anthrax injections they received before going over there. The anthrax vaccination could be a contributing factor to the Gulf War disease that so many soldiers still suffer from. When the Department of Defense came up with the total military inoculation policy it was all over the news including CNN, because it was so controversial. This is very idiotic if you ask me. Don’t you think that Sadaam Hussien and all of the other small threats to the United States watch CNN? Those small countries can afford many different kinds and large quantities of chemical weapons due to their low cost. They are no longer going to even bother launching an anthrax missile at our troops because they know they have a chance at surviving. They will just shoot some other disease filled rocket that they are certain we cannot defend against. When one joins the military there are a number of reasons that could be possible. There is education benefits, training, money, family traditions, and first and foremost, to serve their country. I don’t think that anyone would join the military so they could endanger their own health. Sure there is always that knowledge that some day you may be called upon to go to combat, but injuring your health during peacetime is not heroic. If you die while in combat you will most likely be decorated with all kinds of metals and awards for bravery. The only thing that you will get for becoming unhealthy during peacetime is a look at the inside of a VA hospital and poor treatment. You will probably hear every excuse in the world why you are sick all the time, but you will never hear once that it is linked to the shots you were forced to take while you were in the military. It is the individuals’ responsibility to be aware of their surroundings. Before some one consumes something that they have never seen before don’t they normally say, â€Å"What is that†? Before you take any vaccine you should ask yourself what it is and do the necessary research to find out what it actually is. I am not saying that you will ever come across something so exotic as anthrax, but you should question everything and go with you gut. Following orders only for the reason that someone told you to is ridiculous. You wouldn’t hit yourself in the head with a hammer just because some one told you to, so don’t inflict any harm on yourself unless you are certain it is your only alternative.

The Brain of Computers essays

The Brain of Computers essays All desktop computers have a processor which is the brain or heart of computers also kwon as CPU (central processing unit) or microprocessor. The processor is make up of millions of microscopic transistors embedded in a circuit on a chip or silicon wafer. It reads instruction from software and tells the computer what to do. Machine instruction cycle happens millions of times in one second or more. The faster a processor cycles happens the quicker you are able to enhance your ability to run creative, entertainment, and communication and productivity application. The two main manufactures of desktop processors are Intel and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). The company Intel has produced many microprocessors. The newest ones are Intel Pentium 4 and Intel Celeron. Intel is always looking for new ideas to better its performance. Hyper Threading and Ultraviolet Lithography are some of the things Intel is working on. The Intel Pentium 4 processor is the latest on performing outstanding levels of performances and advanced features needed to tackle the most demanding proceeding needs. It is ideal for internet audio, steaming video, DVD authoring, image processing, MPEG4 creation, speech recognition, 3D CAB games, multimedia and multi-tasking. Intel Celeron processor balances value with performance that is affordable. It allows the user to browse the internet, send email, use educational programs, and play interactive 3D games. Intel Celeron is good for home computers, small office computer and productivity Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) also makes many processors. The newest ones developed by AMD are the Athlon processor XP, Athlon processor and AMD Duron processor. AMD Athlon XP performances extra and extraordinary applications required to meet cutting edge performances and use of the newest and greatest software applications. AMD Duron offers value and cost effective processor that allow the user ...

Six sigma methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Six sigma methodology - Essay Example It is based on the principle that in order to attain process improvement, it is imperative to look at making the processes more efficient, rather than through inventions and application of new principles, thereby making them cost effective. A key construct of this principle is that this need not necessarily be achieved by automating processes; in fact, the involvement of manual work is necessary and adds value to the processes. By combining the two methodologies, a strategic advantage can be created by a company applying them. While Six Sigma can be used to identify the various processes that require improvement, a BPM platform such as TeamWorks can be used as an interface between various enterprise softwares and the system that is used to monitor and control the activities involved. Apart from cost reductions and improvements in process efficiency, there are certain added benefits such as improvement in competitive advantage, customer satisfaction, etc. Although inventions and modif ications continue to take place in various processes and activities, it is important to improve and make processes more efficient to sustain long term advantages, irrespective of the industry being considered (Breyfogle, 2004). References Breyfogle,, F. W. 2004.

The Quality of Aircraft Traffic Control at Dubai International Airport Essay

The Quality of Aircraft Traffic Control at Dubai International Airport - Essay Example This research tells that Dubai international airport, one of the largest growing airline hub in the Middle East established in order by the ruler of Dubai Sheikh Rashid Bin Saeed Al Maktoum in 1959 that days, the first airfield construction consists of runway, a terminal building and fire a station in the Al Garhoud area which was the edge of Dubai city back in 1960. The airport opened and started handling aircraft, expansion, and development of Dubai. Nowadays the airport has expanded and accommodates airline serving thousand destinations and the reveal of domestic airline and passenger growth in UAE make the Dubai geographic location airport one of the fastest growing major hubs and among the worlds top 5 airports in terms of international passenger and cargo traffic. With this expansion, there is a need to study the quality of traffic control and areas where improvements can be made. The research study will involve interviews, and questionnaire with air traffic control ATC and air port council ACL at Dubai airport and runway Maintenance Company survey and collect and analyze data through the author’s experience while working in fly emirates maintenance hangars will help me to gather information and idea inside and outside of the airport building. In this process of data collection, the researcher will design the questionnaires. Validated questionnaires from past research materials in books and the internet will be guides for designing the questionnaires. These questionnaires will be administered to thirty respondents randomly. While administering the questionnaires, the study group will be interviewed. The questions for the interviewee will be those in the questionnaire. This process will be able to countercheck the information in the questionnaires and also this will help further inform the respondents on the correct way to fill the questionnaire. This process will increase the validity of the data collected.

Bridget Jones The Edge of Reason' Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bridget Jones The Edge of Reason' - Movie Review Example She was so immersed with her heart's interest that she did away with her old ways for a new lifestyle. She began to help herself out with books that she thought would help her develop and evolve into a confident personality. Bridget spent her leisure time struggling to read and understand things which she eventually tried to internalize. She took care of every detail of her personal appearance. Eventually, she began to work harder to ascend in the hierarchy of achievements in her chosen career. She dreamt dreams that almost everyone her age does, but, often, though success seems arms away, it is just as illusive as a castle in the sky. She got jilted by her fianc. She had other relationships, but, it always winded up with breaking her heart. She had friends like Rebecca. But, Rebecca was not trustworthy. Rebecca broke her heart because she developed great attraction to Mark. Rebecca was a flirt and did nothing to discontinue, until she broke up Bridget's and Mark's relationship. It was sad, but, life has to go on for Bridget. In the movie, the Bridget Jones story was portrayed as a romantic comedy fairy-tale that commenced in her mother's social gathering. Bridget was a euphoric young lady, so avid for her man who was a human rights Lawyer. Unfortunately, she lost him to a woman who was an associate in the Law firm her boyfriend was working. This brought Bridget a challenge, to do better at work as a television reporter. However, her television network boss turned her into a clown. Screen clips were focused on her bulluptous, but, seductive bottoms. She once was convinced to do an advertisement event on sky diving. Drably, she was dropped into a pond of dirt. She took all of it in a stride believing in her innocence it was all part of the work she contracted to earn what she needs for the living.The movie went on with the various experiences Bridget Jones went through as well as the ups and downs in her career. Until when she went on to a country in Asia for a vacation, which turned out again as another miserable episode in her young life, she was not configured to have been frustrated nor distressed. After all, her mom and dad were always around, more than willing to embrace her back. But, she maintained her desire to live an independent life which winded up with her true love Mark. Conclusion: Books like novels are written by authors and surely reflect the ideas of the author. The movements of characters depend upon the intention or the moral lessons the author tries to project. As well, as the story plot develops, the writer adds fascinating episodes to reach a climax at one point. And eventually, comes up with a concluding chapter that keeps the reader satisfied. While the movies are written by an author, but the story is depicted on screen with the huge influence of a director. So, variations or story twist are expected for a screenplay to draw the interest of movie fanatics. Movies do have plots, climax, and ending but, recently the fad is to keep the audience hanging for another episode. Besides, movies are

How Do We Define Afforestation And Deforestation Environmental Sciences Essay

How Do We Define Afforestation And Deforestation Environmental Sciences Essay The effects of an increasing population, growing pollution and the consequent decrease in forest area on the environment are well known. Afforestation is the answer to some extent, but needs to be carried out in a structured way with thorough knowledge of local environment, vegetation, soil type and socio-economic issues; not knowing or ignoring local conditions can prove extremely dangerous to the ecosystem. A sustainable and well-planned afforestation project helps improve soil conservation, catchment management and water quality. Such a project can also act as a wind barricade, as in the case of the The Great Green Wall Project in China. A very ambitious afforestation project that has spanned 70 years and 4,480km, it involves the building of a tree wall skirting the Gobi Desert. The tree wall is being built with the sole aim of fighting and acting as a barricade to ferocious sandstorms originating from the desert. Afforestation projects undertaken without a complete understanding of the surroundings can cause additional environmental damages. For instance , fast-growing trees commonly used in timber plantations consume huge amounts of water, hence depleting water resources around the area. There are also concerns about irreversible changes in the soil caused by exotic species. For example, pine trees are known to turn the soil acidic. The water from the soil eventually trickles down to local streams and water bodies, which, in turn, causes harm to both the water and land ecosystems. The concern mainly arises with large-scale monoculture tree plantations in Third World countries. Such plantations are usually set up for the purposes of abundant and cheap supply of raw materials to industrialised countries. A number of non-government organisations have joined hands to form a global network in order to share information and implement joint action against such plantations. In India, because of its large population, there has been growing demand for lands that are used in primary industries, such as arable land, grazing land and forestry land. And a considerable amount of cultivation and afforestation has taken place in response to such demand. This study deals with these three types of lands and analyzes the economic impact in India of cultivation and afforestation, using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. The model explicitly addresses substitution between traditional goods (fuelwood, cattle dung, and draft animals) and modern goods (fossil fuel, chemical fertilizer, and capital such as agro machinery). The results show that the two types of land use change (cultivation and afforestation) have many contrasting effects on various indices. Due to population pressures, in India demand has been increasing for lands that are used in primary industries. This includes arable land, grazing land and forestry land. In response to this situation, many cultivation and afforestation projects have been conducted. In the 1950s and 1960s, numerous cultivation initiatives were actively carried out and approx. 700,000 hectares per year were cultivated. However, because India has achieved food self-sufficiency and since scarce land remains to cultivate, in recent years very little cultivation has taken place. Instead , many irrigation projects have been conducted and the focal emphasis of the nations arable land policy has shifted from quantitative expansion to qualitative enhancement. China has deforested most of its historically wooded areas. China reached the point where timber yields declined far below historic levels, due to over-harvesting of trees beyond sustainable yield.[3] Although it has set official goals for reforestation, these goals were set for an 80 year time horizon and are not significantly met by 2008. China is trying to correct these problems by projects as the Green Wall of China, which aims to replant a great deal of forests and halt the expansion of the Gobi desert. A law promulgated in 1981 requires that every citizen over the age of 11 plant at least one tree per year. As a result, China currently has the highest afforestation rate of any country or region in the world, with 47,000 square kilometers of afforestation in 2008. However, the forest area per capita is still far lower than the international average. An ambitious proposal for China is the Aerially Delivered Re-forestation and Erosion Control System North Africa:- In North Africa, the sahara forest project coupled with the Seawater Greenhouse has been proposed. Some projects have also been launched in countries as Senegal to revert desertification. At present (2010) African leaders are discussing the combining of national countries in their continent to increase effectiveness. In addition, other projects as the Keita project in Niger have been launched in the past, and have been able to locally revert damage done by desertification. Europe:- Europe has deforested the majority of its historical forests. The European Union has paid farmers for afforestation since 1990, offering grants to turn farmland back into forest and payments for the management of forest. Between 1993 and 1997, EU afforestation policies made possible the re-forestation of over 5,000 square kilometres of land. A second program, running between 2000 and 2006, afforested in excess of 1000 square kilometres of land (precise statistics not yet available). A third such program began in 2007. In Poland, the National Program of Afforestation was introduced by the government after World War II, when total area of forests shrank to 20% of countrys territory. Consequently, forested areas of Poland grew year by year, and on December 31, 2006, forests covered 29% of the country (see: Polish forests). It is planned that by 2050, forests will cover 33% of Poland. According to FAO statistics, Spain had the fastest afforestation rate in Europe in the 1990-2005 period. In those years, a total of 44,360 square kilometers were afforested, and the total forest cover rose from 13,5 to 17,9 million hectares. In 1990, forests covered 26,6% of the Spanish territory. As of 2005, that figure had risen to 35,4%. Spain today has the third largest forest area in the European Union, after Sweden and Finland. Iran Iran is considered a low forest cover region of the world with present cover approximating seven percent of the land area. This is a value reduced by an estimated six million hectares of virgin forest, which includes oak, almond and pistacio. Due to soil substrates, it is difficult to achieve afforestation on a large scale compared to other temperate areas endowed with more fertile and less rocky and arid soil conditions. Consequently, most of the afforestation is conducted with non-native species, leading to habitat destruction for native flora and fauna, and resulting in an accelerated loss of biodiversity. DEFORESTATION:- DEFINITION: Deforestation is the clearance of forests by logging and/or burning (popularly known as slash and burn) Deforestation is the permanent destruction of indigenous forests and woodlands. The term does not include the removal of industrial forests such as plantations of gums or pines. Deforestation has resulted in the reduction of indigenous forests to four-fifths of their pre-agricultural area. Indigenous forests now cover 21% of the earths land surface Causes and Effects of Deforestation Trees are one of the most important aspects of the planet we live in. Trees are vitally important to the environment, animals, and of course for us humans. They are important for the climate of the Earth, they act as filters of carbon dioxide, they are habitats and shelters to millions of species, and they are also important for their aesthetic appeal. However , the trees on our planet are being depleted at a very fast rate. According to some estimates, more than 50 percent of the tree cover has disappeared due to human activity. ROOT OF CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION: http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSRNsylTo0bYxhYiESWK3QiGD_Ih95eEOFBXWj5vKVKBMnhfsAt=1usg=__vHcZj32oCodhQS3Qwvk3z40Ln4Q=Almost one-third of the earths land is covered with forest. They play an important role in sustaining life. They house over 60% of the worlds biodiversity and provide human beings with many products such as food, medicine, fuel, lumber, paper etc. There are two main causes of deforestation. The primary and most common reasons for deforestation are known as the direct causes. Logging, overpopulation , urbanization, dam construction etc are under direct causes. The other main cause of deforestation is known as natural causes since they are brought by the Mother Nature. n increase in population also means an increase in produce consumption. Thus, rainforests are destroyed and converted to cattle pasture to supply the burgeoning demand for meat. In Central America, almost half of the rainforests have been slashed and burned for cattle farming in order comply with foreign demands. Twenty-five per cent of the Amazons forests have also been destroyed for cattle ranches. Lack of government legislation for land reforms has also cleared the forest especially in developing countries like of the South East Asian nations. People in that region are among the poorest in the world and are desperate for a piece of land. Unequal distribution of resources has led these people to find their way to exploit the forests. Another reason that denudes the forest is exploitative economic development schemes and the powerlessness of government to safeguard its resources . Poor countries in their attempt to increase their revenues are in a way exploiting their resources like the forests. Timber is exported to reduce the national debt. Countries rich in mineral resources open their doors to multinational mining corporations that clear the forests as they go with their operations. The government especially those belonging in the Third World cannot curb commercial logging and implement a total log ban in exchange to higher foreign exchange rates . Development projects like dams, roads, and airports contracted by the government also cause deforestation. While most causes of deforestation occur due to human activities, there are uncontrolled causes of deforestation such as forest fires, volcanic eruption, and typhoon. Forest fires are started by lightning, and strong winds help to spread the flames. Drought in the forest has increased the amount of flammable bush and debris on the forest floor. Forest fires destroy immeasurable amount of valuable timber. They kill not only trees but also other living things. . Effects of Deforestation: There are a number of adverse effects of deforestation, such as: Erosion of Soil: When forest areas are cleared, it results in exposing the soil to the sun, making it very dry and eventually, infertile , due to volatile nutrients such as nitrogen being lost. In addition, when there is rainfall, it was hes away the rest of the nutrients, which flow with the rain water into waterways. Because of this, merely replanting trees may not help in solving the problems caused by deforestation, for by the time the trees mature, the soil will be totally devoid of essential nutrients. Ultimately, cultivation in this land will also become impossible, resulting in the land becoming useless. Large tracts of land will be rendered permanently impoverished due to soil erosion. http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/amazon_deforestation.jpg Disruption of the Water Cycle: Trees contribute in a large way in maintaining the water cycle. They draw up water via their roots, which is then released into the atmosphere. A large part of the water that circulates in the ecosystem of rainforests, for instance, remains inside the plants. When these trees are cut down it results in the climate getting drier in that area. Loss of Biodiversity: The unique biodiversity of various geographical areas is being los t on a scale that is quite unprecedented . Even though tropical rainforests make up just 6 percent of the surface area of the Earth, about 80-90 percent of the entire species of the exist here. Due to massive deforestation , about 50 to 100 species of animals are being lost each day. The outcome of which is the extinction of a functions of forests is to absorb and store great amounts of water quickly when there are heavy rains. When forests are cut down, this regulation of the flow of water is disrupted, which leads to alternating periods of flood and then drought in the affected area. Climate Change: It is well known that global warming is being caused largely due to emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. However, what is not known quite as well is that deforestation has a direction association with carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Trees act as a major storage depot for carbon, since they absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which is then used to produce carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that make up trees. When deforestation occurs, many of the trees are burnt or they are allowed to rot, which results in releasing the carbon that is stored in them as carbon dioxide. This, in turn, leads to greater concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRcfO6foNuW2NYYb26NeAm-vC2n-XhY3tcOlchwfyTERQKnwE8t=1usg=__Px7tkSf6dmHkFM1tJIGd3MLCdnc= POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF DEFORESTATION: The positive consequences of deforestation Depending on the needs of the social group concerned, deforestation has made it possible for communities to be built. Forests make way for residential houses, office buildings and factories. Governments are able to build roads to make trade and transport easier and therefore more convenient to residents. Deforestation can also mean the conversion of forest land to productive land for agricultural uses. This results in better and more abundant production of food and materials, virtually eradicating periods of want and lack. Economically, deforestation has contributed much in giving many communities the opportunity to make positive changes in their lives. The negative consequences of deforestation Unfortunately, the negative consequences of deforestation far outweigh its positive effects. Here are a few of them: 1. Exposing soil to heat and rain. When forests are cleared, soil cover, which consists mainly of vegetation, is removed as well. This exposes the bare soil to extreme conditions produced by the suns heat and rainwater. With these activities alternating, the soil quickly compacts. As rainwater flows, it will wash out the nutrients and other organic materials that make the soil rich and fertile. Add to that the frequent activities of tilling, cropping and grazing which gradually results to the degradation of the soils quality. These practices are specially a concern in areas where forest zones are drier. Agriculture practice on top of deforestation can result to the desertification of many areas. Desertification is also a direct result of the demand for the soil to produce more (as a consequence of the increase in human population), thereby decreasing to a significant degree the lands carrying capacity. 2. Flooding. Deforestation can result to watersheds that are no longer able to sustain and regulate water flows from rivers and streams. Trees are highly effective in absorbing water quantities, keeping the amount of water in watersheds to a manageable level. The forest also serves as a cover against erosion. Once they are gone, too much water can result to downstream flooding, many of which have caused disasters in many parts of the world. As fertile topsoil is eroded and flooded into the lower regions, many coastal fisheries and coral reefs suffer from the sedimentation brought by the flooding. This results to negative effects in the economic viability of many businesses and fatalities in wildlife population . 3. Non-suitability of areas for conversion. Most of the areas that have undergone deforestation are actually unsuitable for long-term agricultural use such as ranching and farming. Once deprived of their forest cover, the lands rapidly degrade in quality, losing their fertility and arability. The soil in many deforested areas is also unsuitable for supporting annual crops. Much of the grassy areas are also not as productive compared to more arable soils and are therefore not fit for long-term cattle grazing. 4. The displacement of indigenous communities and their traditional way of life. When governments decide to offer forests for deforestation mainly to open up areas for civilized communities, access to forest resources by indigenous peoples are ignored. In fact, indigenous peoples are hardly included in economic and political decisions that directly affect their lives. This encroachment ignores their rights as much as it takes away the resources that their ancestors have bestowed upon them. 5. The loss in the number of biodiversity. This is probably the most serious consequence of deforestation . Put simply, it means the destruction and extinction of many plant and animal species , many of whom remain unknown and whose benefits will be left undiscovered. Environmental problems:- http://ts3.mm.bing.net/images/thumbnail.aspx?q=249293773882id=08ef0795e99508a93ba519b21853fa1aurl=http%3a%2f%2fecogreentips.com%2fwp-content%2fimages%2fdeforestation.jpg Atmospheric:- Deforestation is ongoing and is shaping climate and geography. Deforestation is a contributor to global warming, and is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect. Tropical deforestation is responsible for approximately 20% of world greenhouse gas emissions.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change deforestation, mainly in tropical areas, could account for up to one-third of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. But recent calculations suggest that carbon dioxide emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (excluding peatland emissions) contribute about 12% of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions with a range from 6 to 17%. Trees and other plants remove carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis and release oxygen back into the atmosphere during normal respiration. Only when actively growing can a tree or forest remove carbon over an annual or longer timeframe. Both the decay and burning of wood releases much of this stored carbon back to the atmosphere. In order for forests to take up carbon, the wood must be harvested and turned into long-lived products and trees must be re-planted Deforestation may cause carbon stores held in soil to be released. Forests are stores of carbon and can be either sinks or sources depending upon environmental circumstances. Mature forests alternate between being net sinks and net sources of carbon dioxide (see carbon dioxide sink and carbon cycle). Reducing emissions from the tropical deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) in developing countries has emerged as new potential to complement ongoing climate policies. The idea consists in providing financial compensations for the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. Rainforests are widely believed by laymen to contribute a significant amount of worlds oxygen, although it is now accepted by scientists that rainforests contribute little net oxygen to the atmosphere and deforestation will have no effect on atmospheric oxygen levels.However, the incineration and burning of forest plants to clear land releases large amounts of CO2, which contributes to global warming. Forests are also able to extract carbon dioxide and pollutants from the air, thus contributing to biosphere stability. http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTGItPfLUiWZL07G_REq7tovGyqwEssPgik1RflDpEl6klE7WcS Hydrological:- The water cycle is also affected by deforestation. Trees extract groundwater through their roots and release it into the atmosphere. When part of a forest is removed, the trees no longer evaporate away this water, resulting in a much drier climate. Deforestation reduces the content of water in the soil and groundwater as well as atmospheric moisture.Deforestation reduces soil cohesion, so that erosion, flooding and landslides ensue.Forests enhance the recharge of aquifers in some locales, however, forests are a major source of aquifer depletion on most locales. Shrinking forest cover lessens the landscapes capacity to intercept, retain and transpire precipitation. Instead of trapping precipitation, which then percolates to groundwater systems, deforested areas become sources of surface water runoff, which moves much faster than subsurface flows. That quicker transport of surface water can translate into flash flooding and more localized floods than would occur with the forest cover. Deforestation also contributes to decreased evapotranspiration, which lessens atmospheric moisture which in some cases affects precipitation levels downwind from the deforested area, as water is not recycled to downwind forests, but is lost in runoff and returns directly to the oceans. According to one study, in deforested north and northwest China, the average annual precipitation decreased by one third between the 1950s and the 1980s.[citation needed] Trees, and plants in general, affect the water cycle significantly: their canopies intercept a proportion of precipitation, which is then evaporated back to the atmosphere (canopy interception); their litter, stems and trunks slow down surface runoff; their roots create macropores large conduits in the soil that increase infiltration of water; they contribute to terrestrial evaporation and reduce soil moisture via transpiration; their litter and other organic residue change soil properties that affect the capacity of soil to store water. their leaves control the humidity of the atmosphere by transpiring. 99% of the water absorbed by the roots moves up to the leaves and is transpired. As a result, the presence or absence of trees can change the quantity of water on the surface, in the soil or groundwater, or in the atmosphere. This in turn changes erosion rates and the availability of water for either ecosystem functions or human services. The forest may have little impact on flooding in the case of large rainfall events, which overwhelm the storage capacity of forest soil if the soils are at or close to saturation. Tropical rainforests produce about 30% of our planets fresh water. Soil:- Deforestation for the use of clay in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro. The hill depicted is Morro da Covanca, in Jacarepaguà ¡ Undisturbed forests have a very low rate of soil loss, approximately 2 metric tons per square kilometer (6 short tons per square feet).[citation needed] Deforestation generally increases rates of soil erosion, by increasing the amount of runoff and reducing the protection of the soil from tree litter. This can be an advantage in excessively leached tropical rain forest soils. Forestry operations themselves also increase erosion through the development of roads and the use of mechanized equipment. Chinas Loess Plateau was cleared of forest millennia ago. Since then it has been eroding, creating dramatic incised valleys, and providing the sediment that gives the Yellow River its yellow color and that causes the flooding of the river in the lower reaches (hence the rivers nickname Chinas sorrow). Removal of trees does not always increase erosion rates. In certain regions of southwest US, shrubs and trees have been encroaching on grassland. The trees themselves enhance the loss of grass between tree canopies. The bare intercanopy areas become highly erodible. The US Forest Service, in Bandelier National Monument for example, is studying how to restore the former ecosystem, and reduce erosion, by removing the trees. Tree roots bind soil together, and if the soil is sufficiently shallow they act to keep the soil in place by also binding with underlying bedrock. Tree removal on steep slopes with shallow soil thus increases the risk of landslides, which can threaten people living nearby. However most deforestation only affects the trunks of trees, allowing for the roots to stay rooted, negating the landslide. Ecological:- Deforestation results in declines in biodiversity. The removal or destruction of areas of forest cover has resulted in a degraded environment with reduced biodiversity. Forests support biodiversity, providing habitat for wildlife; moreover, forests foster medicinal conservation. With forest biotopes being irreplaceable source of new drugs (such as taxol), deforestation can destroy genetic variations (such as crop resistance) irretrievably. Since the tropical rainforests are the most diverse ecosystems on Earth and about 80% of the worlds known biodiversity could be found in tropical rainforests, removal or destruction of significant areas of forest cover has resulted in a degraded environment with reduced biodiversity. It has been estimated that we are losing 137 plant, animal and insect species every single day due to rainforest deforestation, which equates to 50,000 species a year. Others state that tropical rainforest deforestation is contributing to the ongoing Holocene mass extinction.The known extinction rates from deforestation rates are very low, approximately 1 species per year from mammals and birds which extrapolates to approximately 23,000 species per year for all species. Predictions have been made that more than 40% of the animal and plant species in Southeast Asia could be wiped out in the 21st century. Such predictions were called into question by 1995 data that show that within regions of Southeast Asia much of the original forest has been converted to monospecific plantations, but that potentially endangered species are few and tree flora remains widespread and stable. Scientific understanding of the process of extinction is insufficient to accurately make predictions about the impact of deforestation on biodiversity.[56] Most predictions of forestry related biodiversity loss are based on species-area models, with an underlying assumption that as the forest declines species diversity will decline similarly.However, many such models have been proven to be wrong and loss of habitat does not necessarily lead to large scale loss of species.[57] Species-area models are known to overpredict the number of species known to be threatened in areas where actual deforestation is ongoing, and greatly overpredict the number of threatened species that are widespread. Economic impact:- Damage to forests and other aspects of nature could halve living standards for the worlds poor and reduce global GDP by about 7% by 2050, a major report concluded at the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) meeting in Bonn. Historically utilization of forest products, including timber and fuel wood, have played a key role in human societies, comparable to the roles of water and cultivable land. Today, developed countries continue to utilize timber for building houses, and wood pulp for paper. In developing countries almost three billion people rely on wood for heating and cooking. The forest products industry is a large part of the economy in both developed and developing countries. Short-term economic gains made by conversion of forest to agriculture, or over-exploitation of wood products, typically leads to loss of long-term income and long term biological productivity (hence reduction in natures services). West Africa, Madagascar, Southeast Asia and many other regions have experienced lower revenue because of declining timber harvests. Illegal logging causes billions of dollars of losses to national economies annually. The new procedures to get amounts of wood are causing more harm to the economy and overpowers the amount of money spent by people employed in logging. Control:- Reducing emissions Major international organizations, including the United Nations and the World Bank, have begun to develop programs aimed at curbing deforestation. The blanket term Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) describes these sorts of programs, which use direct monetary or other incentives to encourage developing countries to limit and/or roll back deforestation. Funding has been an issue, but at the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties-15 (COP-15) in Copenhagen in December 2009, an accord was reached with a collective commitment by developed countries for new and additional resources, including forestry and investments through international institutions, that will approach USD 30 billion for the period 2010 2012. Significant work is underway on tools for use in monitoring developing country adherence to their agreed REDD targets. These tools, which rely on remote forest monitoring using satellite imagery and other data s ources, include the Center for Global Developments FORMA (Forest Monitoring for Action) initiative and the Group on Earth Observations Forest Carbon Tracking Portal. Methodological guidance for forest monitoring was also emphasized at COP-15 The environmental organization Avoided Deforestation Partners leads the campaign for development of REDD through funding from the U.S. government. http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQOM4uFrGLFAGFLzmyTTF34LtYfjU3R31OB7CxXwzCEWWxh_UV4 Farming New methods are being developed to farm more intensively, such as high-yield hybrid crops, greenhouse, autonomous building gardens, and hydroponics. These methods are often dependent on chemical inputs to maintain necessary yields. In cyclic agriculture, cattle are grazed on farm land that is resting and rejuvenating. Cyclic agriculture actually increases the fertility of the soil. Intensive farming can also decrease soil nutrients by consuming at an accelerated rate the trace minerals needed for crop growth.[citation needed] Forest management Efforts to stop or slow deforestation have been attempted for many centuries because it has long been known that deforestation can cause environmental damage sufficient in some cases to cause societies to collapse. In Tonga, paramount rulers developed policies designed to prevent conflicts between short-term gains from converting forest to farmland and long-term problems forest loss would cause, while during the seventeenth and 18th centuries in Tokugawa, Japan, the shoguns developed a highly sophisticated system of long-term planning to stop and even reverse deforestation of the preceding centuries through substituting timber by other products and more efficient use of land that had been farmed for many centuries. In 16th century Germany landowners also developed silviculture to deal with the problem of deforestation. However, these policies tend to be limited to environments with good rainfall, no dry season and

Free Macbeth Essays: Character, Language, Atmosphere and Irony :: Macbeth essays

Character, Language, Atmosphere and Irony in Macbeth What kind of people are the characters in this drama? How can we decide? Characters in Shakespearean drama are judged by (i) their actions; (ii) what others say of them (iii) what they themselves say in public (iv) by what they say in soliloquy, i.e. when thinking aloud or in 'asides' . We tend to judge people by their actions and by what they say in public, but these are not always a true reflection of the real character; people do not always reveal themselves to others, so we can only accept this evidence with reservation. In 'Macbeth' we learn that Duncan has been deceived by the first Thane of Cawdor whom he considered to have been "a gentleman on whom I built An absolute trust" yet who was guilty of treason. Again Lady Macbeth's words to Duncan, Act I, Sc. vi "Your servants ever Have theirs, themselves, and what is theirs, in compt, To make their audit at your highness' pleasure, Still to return your own", are spoken shortly after she has decided that he will be murdered. Only w hen they think aloud,(soliloquy), can we accept without reservation what they say. "In soliloquy lies truth". At the same time there are different interpretations of a soliloquy, and of the tone in which it is spoken. It all depends on the reader's attitude. It is a good approach to be open-minded, to attempt to look at both sides of the question, before arriving at a conclusion. Language In Macbeth Language Language is made up of words and sounds; it is concerned with creating effect by producing images and by placing words. It includes syntax, diction and even tone. Imagery involves the working of the senses, the vivid description of an odour, a melody, a visual picture, of taste or touch. Syntax refers to the order of words in a sentence, the length of sentences. It is associated with diction and imagery, e.g. in the use of inversion (changing the normal order of words often for emphasis), eclipses (omitting certain words) and antithesis (setting one word or idea against another with the object of heightening the effect of what is said). Diction is the writer's choice of words. The dramatist may use religious terms, technical terms, dialect, or may even create words. He may use multi-syllabic words, or monosyllabic words. The imagery in Shakespeare has been discussed elsewhere.

Compare and Contrast Seabiscuit vs Secretariat

Seabiscuit vs. Secretariat Impossible. A word the average English speaking individual fears. It is defined as: incapable of being done. In 2010 Walt Disney released Secretariat, a movie that tells the impossible true story of possibly, the greatest racehorse ever. Universal Studios DreamWorks released Seabiscuit several years prior. Similarly, the movie Seabiscuit provides its audience with a portal back in time to tell yet another seemingly impossible true story. Except this movie tales the journey of three men and one very special horses’ rise to success and fame.While both films recount inspirational and seemingly impossible true stories, Seabiscuit edges out Secretariat at the wire through the use of a more historically accurate plot, first-class acting and far more believable cinematography. The sheer amount of historical accuracy maintained throughout Seabiscuit far outweighs Walt Disney’s portrayal of Secretariat. In Seabiscuit, each of the main character’ s personal struggles is told throughout the first part of the film.These struggles show how the characters came together in real life, provides the audience with an adequate understanding of the effect of the Great Depression on them and allows the viewers to connect emotionally to them as well. In Secretariat, many of the people who were major parts of his journey were completely omitted. The overall feel of the film is very Disney like; in the essence of follow your dreams and they will come true. Ultimately, Walt Disney turned Secretariat into just another dramatic fairy tale.Too many actual events and characters were left out of the film, which in turn, took away from the real drama of Secretariat’s story. Seabiscuit incorporates a narration of the times and also includes historic photos and footage that capture the era. Unlike Secretariat, Seabiscuit manages to not only maintain historical integrity but is quite entertaining as well. Thus making Seabiscuit the clear winn er. The first-class acting in Seabiscuit undoubtedly surpasses the acting in Secretariat. Toby Maguire stars in Seabiscuit as Seabiscuit’s jockey John â€Å"Red† Pollard.First off, Maguire had to dramatically change his physical appearance in order to fit the part of a skinny impoverished jockey. His character â€Å"Red† faced the Great Depression head on, forced to leave his family at the mere age of fifteen. The movie follows Pollard from this point on and lets the audience see the adversity he faced throughout his life. Maguire delivers an award-winning performance by capturing and delivering the sheer emotion that fueled Red Pollard through his life and eventually onto the back of Seabiscuit.His stellar acting was a quintessential part of the movie’s success. On the other hand, in Secretariat the main character Penny Chennery played by Diane Lane was not as fulfilling. Her character felt very forced and dramatized for the big screen. Throughout the mo vie the audience is able to predict her every move, her character feels like just another typical Hollywood role; nothing compared to the woman she actually was. The loss of her actual prowess takes away from the overall movie. When compared to Maguire’s performance, Lane failed to cross the finish line.While both Seabiscuit and Secretariat are true stories based on phenomenal racehorses, Seabiscuit has a much more coherent flow. For example, both movies originate from very distinguished eras; Seabiscuit however, makes it very clear to the audience that the story took place during the Great Depression. The use of actual photos and video footage from the time allows the audience to actually understand the tribulations of the times. The camera angles used during racing scenes literally places you in the saddle, allowing viewers to take their very own ride down the home stretch.Overall, Seabiscuit feels real. The transitions from scene to scene are smooth and are never predictab le. On the contrary, Secretariat feels forced. Walt Disney in a sense destroyed the movie by adding too much drama. Many scenes are obviously fabricated to a point where the audience loses sight of the true story behind the movie. Furthermore, Seabiscuit yet again edges out Secretariat by staying true to the seemingly impossible story that was already complete for Hollywood.In conclusion, like many movies based on a true story Secretariat and Seabiscuit are both very informative. However, Seabiscuit managed to maintain historical integrity through first-class acting and believable cinematography. Seabiscuit and Secretariat’s story of overcoming the impossible was already perfect for Hollywood. Walt Disney fell short by not sticking to the real script and adding too much drama to Secretariat. All in all Seabiscuit raced into the heart of its viewers and never looked back.

Aristotle on Democracy and Government

Aristotle on Democracy and Government Aristotle, one of the greatest philosophers of all time, a teacher of world leader Alexander the Great, and a prolific writer on a variety of subjects we might not think related to philosophy, provides important information on ancient politics. He distinguishes between good and bad forms of ruling in all the basic systems; thus there are good and bad forms of the rule by one (mon-archy), a few (olig-archy, arist-ocracy), or many (dem-ocracy). All Government Types Have a Negative Form For Aristotle, democracy is not the best form of government. As is also true of oligarchy and monarchy, rule in a democracy is for and by the people named in the government type. In a democracy, rule is by and for the needy. In contrast, rule of law or aristocracy (literally, power [rule] of the best) or even monarchy, where the ruler has the interest of his country at heart, are better types of government. Best Fit to Rule Government, Aristotle says, should be by those people with enough time on their hands to pursue virtue. This is a far cry from the current U.S. drive towards campaign financing laws designed to make the political life available even to those without well-endowed fathers. It is also very different from the modern career politician who derives his wealth at the expense of the citizenry. Aristotle thinks rulers should be propertied and leisured, so, without other worries, they can invest their time in producing virtue. Laborers are too busy. Book III - But the citizen whom we are seeking to define is a citizen in the strictest sense, against whom no such exception can be taken, and his special characteristic is that he shares in the administration of justice, and in offices. He who has the power to take part in the deliberative or judicial administration of any state is said by us to be a citizens of that state; and, speaking generally, a state is a body of citizens sufficing for the purposes of life.... For tyranny is a kind of monarchy which has in view the interest of the monarch only; oligarchy has in view the interest of the wealthy; democracy, of the needy: none of them the common good of all. Tyranny, as I was saying, is monarchy exercising the rule of a master over the political society; oligarchy is when men of property have the government in their hands; democracy, the opposite, when the indigent, and not the men of property, are the rulers. Book VII The citizens must not lead the life of mechanics or tradesmen, for such a life is ignoble, and inimical to virtue. Neither must they be farmers, since leisure is necessary both for the development of virtue and the performance of political duties. Sources Aristotle PoliticsFeatures on Democracy in Ancient Greece and the Rise of DemocracyAncient Writers on Democracy AristotleThucydides via Pericles Funeral OrationIsocratesHerodotus Compares Democracy With Oligarchy and MonarchyPseudo-Xenophon

8 things you dont have to do in your 20s

8 things you dont have to do in your 20s Most twentysomethings are constantly surrounded by the perfection presented on social media. Everyone seems to have the wildest nights out, the sweetest vacations, a beautiful family, and the most fulfilling job. It’s enough to make anyone feel lacking. But online life is not the same as real life- it paints a sanitized picture of the messiness of the twentysomething experience. Afraid that if you don’t have it â€Å"all figured out† yet? Don’t be. Here are a bunch of things you don’t even need to worry about until much later in your life and your career.1. Travel the worldSure, you’re supposed to have started your own successful company and figured out how to work remotely while traveling the world, all within 5 years of graduation. But travel costs money- and lots of it. Jetsetting off to Europe isn’t something most people in their 20s can do. If your buddies are able to, they’re very lucky. It’s completely normal if yo u need to spend all you make on, you know, rent and food.  If travel is a priority for you, you’ll make it happen one day. Don’t worry that you’re not there yet.2. Find your dream jobNobody really wants anything but their dream job, but most of us have to start somewhere- and that somewhere is usually the bottom rung of the ladder. If you’re still not where you want to end up, don’t fret. You still have most of your career ahead of you. And keep in mind that things will likely change once you have more world experience: what was once your dream career might not still be your dream career next year.3. Draft a long-term planIt’s helpful to always have a few thoughts as to your 5-, 10-, and 25-year plans. But please don’t set these in stone or feel that if you deviate from your track, you’re doomed to fail. You don’t have to have your career laid out or know where you’re going to settle down and buy a house in a go od school district. There is plenty of time for that.4. Start your own businessWe all hear so much chatter about entrepreneurship and striking out on your own in the new economy, but it’s okay if you don’t have a plan yet- or even if you would rather not be your own boss. If the thought appeals to you, keep weighing it in your mind, but don’t worry that you don’t yet have the answer.5. Figure out your future work/life balanceAs long as you’re taking care of yourself and have a reasonable work/life balance now, then it’s okay if you’re not sure how that will end up looking once you settle down and have kids and a family and move to your forever home and, yes, maybe, travel the world. You’ll figure that out when you get there.6. Determine your true passionYou’ve really only just started out. Your 20s should be a time of exploration! If you’re still figuring out what you really want to be when you grow up- as long as you’re thinking about it seriously- then it’s fine not to have the answers yet.7. Save a huge amount for retirementOf course, you should have a handle on your current budget, paying for your necessities, and socking at least a little bit away in savings. But don’t worry if your entire future and financial security isn’t mapped out perfectly. These things take time, and so much can change in the next five to ten years. Relax and focus on making smart financial decisions now so you’ll be in a good place for the future.8.  Establish the perfect lifeThere’s still time to learn how to cook gourmet dinners and buy a vacation home in the Hamptons. There’s still time to take up new hobbies and start a family. Keep dreaming about what you want the most and go after it. But don’t worry that you don’t have it all yet. You’re still very young!

Where are you going, where are you from - Joyce Carol Oats Assignment

Where are you going, where are you from - Joyce Carol Oats - Assignment Example n the two of them, like her mother used to be the same was once and understands what she is going through, and that Connie somehow knows this and so there’s that different level of their relationship as well. Connie’s belief that her mother likes her more also suggests this. What’s more interesting though, and even a little bit disturbing, is the way that Connie reacts to Arnold Friend. Even the first time she saw him Connie was put a bit off center, and I immediately knew that he was going to play some sinister role in the story. I was not disappointed, and the scene where he comes to her house and talks to her, which is most of the story actually, gave me the chills. But at the same time Connie seems to expect things to turn out the way that they do, and there are some sentences in the story that make me wonder if that’s not actually the way she wants it to turn out. For instance, she goes out to the door and flirts with him, and even enjoys his attention, even though he has apparently been stalking her or worse and knows all sorts of things about her. His last name, â€Å"Friend,† makes him somehow seem even more evil than his speech when he talks. The way that he talks and the things that he says definitely play a big role in it, though, because he seems to be just saying things without any real understanding of what they mean beyond knowing that they are the sorts of things that a person like him should say. I almost wonder if he’s supposed to be Satan or something like that, but in the end he seems not quite as evil as that because the tone of the story doesn’t really make it sound like we’re supposed to hate him entirely. He is still a very creepy character, but the way he keeps his promises and doesn’t do anything extremely violent makes me wonder how creepy we’re supposed to find him. I think one of the main things Oates was trying for in this story is to show the confusion and the not always happy things that are involved in

Essay on Womenand Film Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

On Womenand Film - Essay Example Boys Don’t Cry explores a number of themes including identity, empowerment, freedom, and courage. However, gender representation underpins all these themes. This paper will examine the representation of gender in Boys Don’t Cry, describing the key aspects of gender representation both in society and in the film. Representation of gender in the film adds force to the patriarchal norms held by the society. Discussions of the topic of gender in film owe their origins to conventional feminist film theorists who considered films as male-dominated and immensely guilty of gender stereotyping. In this examination of Boys Don’t Cry, the popular gender theory becomes highly applicable to determine the degree to which gender representation supports stereotypes. The Jacques Lacan and Sigmund Freud developed the psychoanalytical theory that profoundly influenced the early feminist film theory (Herz 51). However, the psychoanalytic theory had substantive problems such as its p hallic-centric basis. This led to the development of alternative discussion mechanisms such as the cultural studies mechanism. In this analysis of Boys Don’t Cry, I will utilize both approaches to cover the entire scope of gender representation. ... Male characters define women by their appearances; for instance, during the bar scene, Candace is the object of the male gaze owing to her attractiveness; then later, the facade changes to that of a mother. Lana, on the other hand, is the object of both Brandon and John’s voyeuristic or sexual gaze. This essentially means that men consider women as sex objects placed in the world for their pleasure. In contrast, men in the film are far too active to become the focus of a sexual gaze. According to Mulvey (37), this phenomenon is essential because of men’s fear to acknowledge homoerotic desires. In addition, it is only acceptable for a man to be represented as a spectacle if such representation unites with the narrative to place emphasis on the man’s active role in the storyline. This exemplifies the stereotype of gender roles where males are subjective beings and females are objective, the objects of males’ desires. Distinctively, the character of Brandon, nonetheless, appears to be at odds with this perception. This is because several scenes in Boys Don’t Cry focus primarily on Brandon’s sexual appearance. Notably, Brandon’s appearance becomes central to the narrative without the element of action. This warrants the question if a similar tactics would apply if Brandon were a male. If Brandon were, in reality, a male, this would raise questions of homoeroticism, but since he is perceived as a female, this suggestion becomes inapplicable. In addition, Brandon’s attention to detail as she creates her male persona echoes the contemporary views on image construction, in which the female body is highly industrialized – for instance, for a woman to attain femininity, she must